Alexander Dovzhenko born 10 September 2021 g. in. In’UNISA (now m. Sosnytsya, Chernihiv region) in a peasant family. Studied at Sosnitsky satiricheskogo school, he was an excellent student, then in Glukhovsky teacher's Institute.
During the 1914--1917. Alexander taught physics, science, geography, history and gymnastics in the 2nd Zhitomir mixed higher primary school, read a lot, participated in the performances, drew, organized Ukrainian ethnographic choir in one of the nearby villages to Glukhov. In 1917. In. Dovzhenko went on a teacher work in Kiev and studied at the economic faculty of Institute for Commercial, was President of the society Institute. In 1920 g. he took an active part in the political life of the country: how the Bolsheviks fought against the white poles in the Zhitomir and Kiev underground.
In. Dovzhenko in 1921 g. worked as head of the General Department at the Ukrainian Embassy in Warsaw. Next year in Germany on the position of Secretary of the consular Department of the trade mission of the UPR Here he enrolled in a private art Studio and simultaneously attended lectures at the Berlin higher school of fine arts.
In 1923 g. returned to Kharkov and soon became known as an Illustrator of "News", the author of political cartoons, which signed the pseudonym "Sasha". In. Dovzhenko belonged to literary organizations "HART" and "VAPLITE". During 1926-1933 gg. he worked on the Odessa film Studio and Kiev Studio feature films. In 1930. In. Dovzhenko made a film "Earth", which brought Ukrainian art at the international wide expanses and brought him worldwide fame. In the same year together with his wife and later the Director of all his films Yu. SOLNCEVO the artist went to a long trip abroad. He visited Berlin, Hamburg, Prague, Paris, London, showing "Earth", "Zvenyhora", Arsenal, spoke to reporters, kinohudozhnika and film critics, said a few reports about the new film.
In 30-ies, Alexander Dovzhenko appeared as an original filmmaker, the founder of poetic cinema, world recognized artist. Charlie Chaplin celebrated: "Words’ansto while that gave the world cinema one of the great artist, thinker and poet Alexander Dovzhenko".
In 1932. Dovzhenko shot his first sound film "Ivan" and was invited to the "Mosfilm". Conflicts Dovzhenko Studio, Kiev,, especially after the film "Ivan", exacerbated. So the artist decided to go to Moscow and 1933. worked at "Mosfilm".

In 1935 g. Dovzhenko was awarded the order of Lenin, and in autumn of the same year on the screens’was "optimistic" aerograd. In 1939. came out true, (put on the Kiev film Studio). The film quickly became popular, the audience liked spiced with humor colorful folk, national characters, especially Bozhenko, Trojan, Siskin…
In the years 1941—g 1945 pp. In. Dovzhenko created a series of short stories: "The night before the battle", "Mother", "Stop, death, stop", "Hata", "Funeral feast" and other. The epic war called the film "Ukraine in flames" (1943). This work was banned by Stalin, and Dovzhenko was not permitted to return to Ukraine.
For "ideologically correct" the film "Michurin" artist in 1949 g. he received a State award, which meant his official rehabilitation after "Ukraine in the fire".
During the 1949-1956 gg. Dovzhenko was taught at VGIK (All-Union State Institute of cinematography), becoming a Professor of this school.
In 1956 g. in the March issue of the journal "Dnipro" was published, "the Enchanted Desna", on this occasion, was very happy Dovzhenko. At this time, was completed and "poem of the sea". In November, began shooting a movie of the same name. And 25 November Aleksandr Dovzhenko died suddenly.
In 1957. there’came to the world a collection of stories of the writer "the Charmed Desna", which actually began a "countdown" of literary fame.
At the world exhibition in Brussels in 1958. 117 the renowned film critics with 20 countries, picking up 12 best movies of all times and peoples, called and "Earth" In. Dovzhenko.

During his creative life In. Dovzhenko put 14 feature and documentary films, wrote 15 literary scenarios and kinopovesti, two p’you, an autobiographical novel, more 20 stories
and NOAEL, a number of publications and theoretical works, dedicated to cinema. It knopkami "Zvenyhora" 11928) Arsenal (1929), the novel "Earth" (1930) were recognized by the world critics of the masterpieces of world cinema, and Dovzhenko — the first poet of cinema. A number of kinopovesti About. Dovzhenko was filmed after his death: "The story of flame’wooden years" (1944, 1961), "Poem of the sea" (1956, 1958), "Enchanted Desna" (1956, 1957).
Impressive documents of the era are "Diaries" In. Dovzhenko, but the masterpiece of his art — "Enchanted Desna". In the preamble to the writer of this tale explained the reason it was written "a long separation from the land of the fathers" and the desire "to understand their nature at an early pre-dawn dawn near the original source". In the tale "the Charmed Desna" attracted people's, definitely.national characters, which then said not otherwise, how about "davitkovski", and sincere, pervasive lyricism, then the extent is still not inherent, apparently, one Soviet product, too, if we talk about its range of tones — from nitropyrrole, napoliroma pianissimo to gramophone, alarm, aimed at global pain and problems ("And then I burned in the fire, Saginaw all human deaths, brutal, vegetable: burned, like a tree or a Church, goudas on the gallows, scattered the ashes and smoke from the explosions catastrophic, 3 m’of my existing muscle and bone boiled soap in Western Europe in the mid-twentieth century. My skin was on covers and lampshades for lamps, lying on the roads of war, vitogen heavy tanks of the last war of humanity"),— philosophical and, FILIAL understanding and identifying the traits of their race and nation, his spiritual sources.

"Enchanted Desna" — autobiographical, the writer's memories of childhood, the first steps of learning, about "the first joys, and experiences, and the first spell captures children's…", about my grandfather and great-grandfather of Taras, great-grandmother, mother and father, blacksmith grandfather Zakharko, uncle Samuel — great mower. These memories from time to time develop into authorial musings about the "heavy shackles of illiteracy and lack of freedom", other calamities and suffering of working people of Ukraine and yet the richness of their souls, mental health’I, the internal culture of thoughts and feelings, their taste, their innate willingness to "tall and thin", about Vinus the Nazis burned down the village, about the last: the author's famous monologue, which begins with the words: "I am the son of his time and all belong to his contemporaries as. When I look back at times to the well, which’ drinking spring water…"and which is expressed by the famous formula: "Modern always on the road from past to future".
The writer knew the spiritual world of the peasant, people's way of life, customs, his psychology. You can say, "Enchanted Desna" — a kind of encyclopedia of rural life in Ukraine late XIX and early XX centuries.

Over the story Of. Dovzhenko continued to work until 1955 year. Which the great importance he attached to this work, confirms this fact: the archive of the writer are stored four versions of the manuscript in Ukrainian. He personally carried out the translation of a work in Russian. For the story "the Enchanted Desna" 1964 year Director Yoo.. Solntseva put the same film. A very fruitful period in creativity of the writer was the Great Patriotic war. Only in the period of 1942-1943 he created 18 articles, 10 stories, p’ECA and narrative. Under the direct impression of what is seen and experienced on the front In. Dovzhenko starts work on a film-story "Ukraine in flames". Began to write from the end, then he returned to peaceful days. The principle of retrospective mapping of events defined and the plot, and the song works: the tragedy of war permanently separates family members of the farmer plows, which represent all Ukrainian people, disgraced, trampled by invaders. Dovzhenko was in a hurry, for really have already seen the next film. He wanted to tell "the truth about the people and their trouble", about a burning ring of fire between the two empires Ukraine. The work was not of the sublime pathos, chanting the triumphant movement of the red Army, not a word he said and not about Stalin. His story became a cry of pain, the first acute, impressionable perception of the Nazi invasion. Dovzhenko did not avoid acute problems, the lips of the characters asked of the leader, how was it, that is not "b’kill the enemy on its territory" and the whole Ukrainian people — given to the slaughter. Of course, the novel "did not like Stalin, and he was banned for printing and for setting… "…it's hard for me from consciousness,— wrote in his diary About. Dovzhenko,— "Ukraine in the fire" is the truth. But Stalin thought differently. In January 1944. even convened a special meeting of the Politburo of the CPSU (b), which was branded Dovzhenko "as kulak pdsva, hostile policy of the party - and the interests of the Ukrainian and the Soviet people". Writer were taken from the committees and editorial boards, dismissed as artistic Director of the Kiev film Studio and was forever exiled from the Ukraine. Only 1966 the year the novel was first printed, the truth, with many censorship bills.

Many researchers Dovzhenko draws attention to the fact, his stories, only have internal unity, much more, than the usual generality in the works, written by the same writer,is really more like one book about time and people.
its prologue can rightly be considered "Enchanted Desna", and the conclusion "Poem about sea", imbued with a desire wide poetic synthesis of the story of modernity and history, people and personality, labor and beauty, excited thinking about the "folk soul" and "an education".
Active and creative commitment to modernity and its problems, the organic historicism of creative thinking, the principles of creating deep folk, national peculiar characters, the combination of high romantic flight of thought with an astute analysis of reality, rethinking poetics of folk art, free application gbarbosa, grotesque, symbols — these and many other features Dolzhenkova creativity significantly enriched the Ukrainian prose. He was called a poet and a politician at the same time movie. The artist compared to Homer, Shakespeare, Rabelais, Hoffmann, Balzac, Beethoven, Brecht. And then there was, what its painted with hot love’Yu, sincerely. They constituted the main meaning of my life". System, using this "hot love", not only gave the artist, and and broke it. As one of the signs that fight Dovzhenko for his spiritual freedom left a note in his diary: "My comrade Stalin, if You were even a God, and I never would have believed You, I'm a nationalist, to staining and keep in a black body. When there is no fundamental hatred, and neglect no, and of hostility to any nation in the world, nor to his fate, nor to his happiness, no dignity or wealth,— do the love for his people is nationalism? Or nationalism in nepturn the stupidity of people bureaucratic, cold drag, or in the inability of the artist to hold back the tears, when people hurt?