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The scope of the grounds.

Produced in industry in large amounts, the hydroxides of sodium and potassium (Paon and CON) find wide application. They are used to clean petroleum products, for the production of soap, artificial silk, paper, used in textile and leather industry. Alkalis are part of the chemical solutions for degreasing surfaces of ferrous and some nonferrous metals prior to application of protective and decorative coatings.

The hydroxides of potassium, calcium, barium used in the oil industry for the preparation of inhibited drilling fluids, allowing drilling unstable rocks. Injected into the reservoir of alkalis contributes to the enhanced oil recovery of productive plastow..

Hydroxides of iron (W), calcium and sodium are used as reagents for the purification of gases from hydrogen sulfide.

Slaked lime CA(IT)2 used as corrosion inhibitor of metals under the action of sea water, and also as a reagent to remove hardness of water and purification of fuel oil, going to the preparation of lubricating oils.

The hydroxides of aluminum and iron (W) are used as flocculants for water purification, and also for the preparation of drilling mud.

Questions for self-assessment on the topic of Foundation

1. Give the definition of grounds from the point of view of the theory of electrolytic dissociation (according to Arrhenius).

2. What determines the acidity of the grounds?

3. Are classified as the reason for acidity?

4. What bases are called alkalis?

5. Draw the formulas of the following bases graphically: NaOH, Cu(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Fe(OH)3.

6. What elements form a water-soluble base?

7. What is the reason?

8. Name the following grounds: NH4OH, Fe(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

9. Give examples of amphoteric hydroxides.

10. Give the definition of the amphoteric hydroxides.

11. What are the chemical properties of bases?

12. How do you get water soluble base? Write the equations of the corresponding reactions.

13. How to get water-insoluble base? Write the equations of the corresponding reactions.

14. What are the ways to obtain the following grounds: KOH, Cu(OH)2, Fe(OH)3. Write the reactions, reflecting possible ways of obtaining them.

15. What happens when heated grounds? Write the equations of the corresponding reactions.

16. What color are in an alkaline environment the following indicators: and) phenolphthalein, b) litmus, in) methylorange?

17. What are some of the application areas of the grounds.

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