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Classification of operating systems

Classification of operating systems 

Operating system is the basis of PC software. The operating system is a complex system and utility software, which provides user interaction with the computer and all other programs.

With one hand, it builds on basic PC software, included in the system BIOS, on the other hand, she is the backbone software of the higher levels applied, and most office applications.

In order for the computer to work, his hard drive must be installed (recorded) operating system. When you turn on the computer it is read from disk storage and placed in RAM. This process is called booting the operating system.

Operating systems are distinguished by the particular implementation of the control algorithms of the computer's resources, areas of use.

So, depending on the control algorithm processor, operating systems are divided into:

1.            Single-tasking and multitasking

2.            Single-player and multiplayer

3.            Uniprocessor and multiprocessor system

4.            Local and network. 

The number of concurrent tasks operating systems are divided into two classes:

1.            Single-tasking (MS DOS)

2.            Multitasking (OS/2, Unix, Windows) 

In single-tasking systems management tools peripheral devices, tools file management, means of communication with users. A multitasking operating system is used by all funds, which are characteristic of single-tasking,  and, in addition, manage the division of shared resources: processor, RAM, files and external devices.

Depending on the use to which a multitasking operating system are divided into three types:

1.            The batching system (OS EU)

2.            System, time-division (Unix, Linux, Windows)

3.            Real-time systems (RT11) 

Batch processing systems are designed to solve problems, which do not require quick results. The main purpose of OS batch processing is the maximum throughput or the solution of the maximum number of tasks per unit time.

These systems  provide high performance when processing large amounts of information, but decrease the user performance in interactive mode

In systems with time sharing for each task is allocated a short period of time, and no task occupies the CPU for a long time. If this time interval is selected minimum, it creates the appearance of simultaneous execution of multiple tasks. These systems have lower bandwidth, but provide a high user performance in interactive mode.

Real-time systems are used  for control of technological process or technical object, for example, flying object, machine etc.

The number of concurrent users on a computer are divided into single-user OS (MS DOS) and multiplayer (Unix, Linux, Windows 95 - XP)

In a multi-user OS, each user configures the user interface, ie. you can create your own sets of shortcuts, group programs, ask the individual colour scheme, move to a convenient place task and add the start menu the new items. 

In a multiuser operating system there are tools to protect user information from unauthorized access by other users.

Multiprocessor and uniprocessor operating systems. One of the important properties of the OS is the availability of it support tools for multiprocessing  data. Such funds exist in OS/2, Net Ware, Widows NT.By way of organizing computing process of these OS can be divided into asymmetric and symmetric.

One of the most important features of the classification of the computer is divided into local and network. Local operating system used on standalone PCs or PC, which are used in computer networks as a client.

Part of the local OS is ON the client part to access remote resources and services. Network OS designed for resource management PC included in the network to share resources. They represent a powerful means of differentiation of access to information, her integrity and other usage of network resources. 

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