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CLASSIFICATION OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Classification of substances involves the unification of the various and numerous compounds (currently there are about 10 millions of chemical compounds) in certain groups or classes, having similar properties.

As the classification, and nomenclature of chemical compounds developed over the centuries, therefore, they are not always interconnected, and reflect the historical development of science.

Scientific, scientific-technical and educational chemical of the publication are increasingly using international nomenclature of, developed by the International Union of theoretical and practical chemistry (IUPAC). In the technical literature, laboratory and plant practice is often used haphazardly, trivial names, for example, soda, caustic soda, copper sulphate, hydrochloric acid, oleum. In addition, in some cases, there is a need to give the mineralogical name substances.

The Appendix contains a list of trivial names of some substances, mixtures and alloys, as well as names the most common minerals.

All substances, found in nature, can be divided into individual chemical substances(pure substances), which consist of particles of one kind and mixtures of substances, consists of heterogeneous particles.

Individual chemical substances are classified, in turn, on simpleand complex.

Simple substances taking into account the allotropic modifications of elements at present known about 500. In turn, simple substances are divided into metals and nonmetals.

Fig.1 Scheme of classification of chemicals.

The nonmetals include:the element symbol

noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Ra

Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

the chalcogens, in addition to polonium: O, S, Se, Te, in addition to Po

and:

nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, N, P, As

carbon, silicon, Bor, hydrogen C, Si, B, H

The other elements are metals.

Complex substances are divided into organicand inorganic.

Organic compounds are considered, containing the element carbon. These simple compounds of carbon, as its oxides, carbonic acid and its salts and certain other, considered among inorganic compounds, since the composition and properties are very close to them. According to another widely used definition, organic compounds are the hydrocarbons and their various derivatives.

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