Pursuant to the Federal law "On protection of population and territories from emergency situations of natural and technogenic nature" the Government of the Russian Federation in its decree No. 1094 from 13.09.96 g. approved "regulations on classification of emergencies of natural and technogenic character".

In the judgment of the emergency situations are classified depending on number of people, victims in these situations, or people, who had violated the conditions of life, from the amount of damage, as well as the borders of the distribution area of astounding factors emergencies.

Classification of emergency situations is carried out according to the following criteria.

1. The causes:

1) anthropogenic (anthropogenic) nature;

2) natural character;

3) ecological character.

2. Scale emergencies are classified as local, local, territorial, regional, Federal and cross-border (table. 2).

1). To local is an emergency, which suffered no more 10 people, or violated the conditions of life no more 100 people, or property damage of not more than 1 thousands of minimum wage on the date of occurrence of the emergency and the emergency zone does not extend beyond the site of production or social appointment. can be likvidiroval and resources of the object.

Table 2

Classification of emergency situations on the scale

The scale of the disaster	The consequences of emergency situations
Suffered, people.	violated conditions of life-activity, people.	material damage, thousand. The minimum wage	the zone of distribution of emergencies
local	≤ 10	≤ 100	≤ 1	Within the territory of the object
local	≤ 50	≤ 300	≤ 5	Within the settlement, city, district
territorial	≤ 500	≤ 500	≤ 500	Within the subject of the Russian Federation
regional	≤ 500	≤ 1000	≤ 5000	Within several areas (edges) or economic area
Federal	> 500	> 1000	> 5000	the emergency area is outside the territory of two subjects of the Russian Federation
cross-border	Emergency, affecting factors which are outside the Russian Federation, or emergency, which occurred abroad and affects the territory of the Russian Federation

2). To local is an emergency, as a result of which affected more than 10, but no more 50 people, or violated the conditions of life of more than 100, but no more 300 people, or property damage of more than 1 thousands, but no more 5 thousands of minimum wage on the date of occurrence of the emergency and the emergency zone does not extend beyond the locality, city, district.

3). Refers to territorial emergencies, as a result of which suffered from 50 to 500 people, or violated the conditions of life from 300 to 500 people, any material damage made from 5 thousands to 0,5 a million minimum wage and emergency zone does not extend beyond the subject of the Russian Federation.

4). Refers to the regional emergency, as a result of which suffered from 50 to 500 people, or violated the conditions of life from 500 to 1000 people, or property damage of from 0,5 to 5 millions of minimum wage. Regional emergency apply to multiple areas (edges) or economic region.

5). It is part of the Federal emergency, as a result of which affected more than 500 people either violated the conditions of life over 1000 people, or property damage of more than 5 millions of minimum wage. Emergency zone outside the territory of two subjects of the Russian Federation.

6). Applies to transboundary emergency, affecting factors which are outside the Russian Federation, or emergency, which occurred abroad and affects the territory of the Russian Federation.

3. The nature of insults or hazards:

1) heat;

2) chemical;

3) radioactive;

4) the impact of the shock wave or hurricane;

5) hydrological;

6) biological.

4. In terms of its influence on the main targets:

1) destruction;

2) infection;

3) flooding;

4) fires.

5. The causes of accidents:

1) bad design decisions, deviation from project documentation;

2) underestimation of active load (snow, industrial dust, wind, etc.);

3) buckling (the eccentricity when the app loads, the claim of the geometric shape, the incorrect anchoring of the supports);

4) workmanship, installation design;

5) violation of the rules of operation (violation of technological regimes and safety regulations);

6) accident as a result of fatigue, vibration, corrosion;

7) unforeseen natural disasters (weather, geophysical, etc.).

6. According to the degree of surprise:

1) sudden (explosions, traffic accident, earthquake);

2) rapidly spreading (fires, the release of hazardous chemicals*, hidrodinamice-ski accident with formation of waves of breakthrough, SEL);

3) moderately spreading (the release of radioactive substances, accidents on utility systems, the eruption of volcanoes, flood);

4) slowly spreading (the accident at wastewater treatment plants, drought, epidemic, environmental deviations).

7. By branches of national economy, where there may be emergencies:

1) transport;

2) in industry and energy;

3) in construction;

4) in communal-housing sphere.

8. For long duration and reversibility of effects:

1) short-term exposure (the pollution of the site of accidents-but chemically dangerous substances (Hazardous chemicals); flooding of some settlements during the flood, intensive snow melting, etc.);

2) long-term exposure (contamination of areas with radioactive materials; the decline in radiation levels to an acceptable average is through 10 the half-lives of major radionuclides).

For practical purposes the General classification emergency, used in unified system of prevention and actions in emergency situations, build groups, types and kinds; however, their encoding as follows:

1) group (emergencies of technogenic character, emergency situations of natural nature, emergency situations of ecological character) encode one-digit numbers;

2) types of emergencies (traffic accident, fires, the accident with the emissions of chemicals-ski of hazardous substances, geophysical hazards, Emergency, associated with a change in sushi, etc.) encode on-off numbers;

3) types of emergencies (the accident of freight trains, accidents on the roads, was-Senia, forest fires, the presence of heavy metals, including. of radionuclides and other harmful substances, etc.) encode three numbers.

Examples of coding of emergency situations are given below.