Reklama

HEINRICH HEINE

ГЕНРІХ ГЕЙНЕHEINRICH HEINE (1797-1856) - one of the most prominent figures in the history of German literature, the greatest lyric poet of the era. Its rightly called a poet of nature and unrequited love. 

Born Harry-Heinrich Heine 13 December 2021 years in g. Dusseldorf in a poor Jewish family. Father, people meek, good, friendly, traded goods, but in Commerce, he was unlucky, therefore, seven’I have constantly felt material needs. Henry dearly loved his: “Of all people I did not so passionately loved on this earth, how… There hasn't been one night, I haven't thought about my late father, and, waking up in the morning, I still often hear the sound of his voice, as echoes of my dream”. The mother of the future poet, the daughter of a doctor, was an educated woman (was fluent English and French), I read a lot, and the love of reading was trying to convey to the children. She first noticed the son “God's spark” love of literature and supported her. Heine repeatedly addressed in his work dear to his soul the image of the mother.

He studied Harry in primary school, and later in the Düsseldorf Catholic Lyceum. Built on the solid cramming, the training gave him few pleasures. Sometimes had to endure and the beatings teacher. High school Heine forever endured hatred and religion. Were in life and nice things - books about adventures of don Quixote and Robinson Crusoe, about Gulliver's travels, dramas of Goethe and Schiller.

A faithful friend for life was for the poet's sister Charlotte. With her he shared life experiences, tell my secrets to, she read her first poem.

When Harry turned 17 years, there was a question about his future. Parents, passionate romantic biography of Napoleon, first dreamed of a military career’s interior for a son. But then on a family Council it was decided to make Harry merchant. In 1816 g. parents sent him to Hamburg to the rich uncle, banker, Solomon Heine, where he had to pass the school business man.

In the house of his uncle the poet spent three years; he felt himself uncomfortable here, on the position of poor relation, in the environment, he was a stranger. Here he experienced the first intimate drama, love to his cousin Amalie, they have been neglected and married a Prussian aristocrat. Young Heine dedicated his early poems, of which later formed the cycle “Suffering youth”.

Sure, what the merchant from his nephew will not work, uncle agreed to help him to get higher education, actually, keep it while studying. In 1819 g. Heine entered the University of Bonn's law faculty, but with great pleasure attended classes on Philology and philosophy. In the University years completed the formation of Heine - poet. In the end 1921 g. in Berlin he published the first collection of poems under the modest title “Poems Of Heinrich Heine”, which has not gone unnoticed and had positive reviews from critics. In the spring 1823 year, before the end of the University course, saw the light the second collection of poems, two dramatic works - “Tragedies with a lyrical Intermezzo”. 

Wanting to see firsthand the life of the native country, the young poet 1824 the year went by foot to touring Germany. The beauty of nature captured his vulnerable soul. But the mood of the poet darkened, when he saw the hard life of the people. True picture of life, which Heine witnessed during these travels, described in a prose work “The journey to the Harz” (1826 G.), which opened a four-volume collection of prose “Travel picture”. 

1825 year Heine graduated from University and received a law degree. P’the five years he lived in various German cities, got acquainted with many people, in particular, made friends with the Russian poet Tyutchev, who served in the Russian Embassy in Munich.

All these years Heine was looking for some posts, tried to get a lawyer and a University Professor. In Germany already knew his works, in which he opposed reactions, against the feudal-absolutist order. Behind him began to follow the police, he was threatened’s prison. 

In may 1831 year, Heine moved to France and became a political emigrant to the end of his days. He lived permanently in Paris, only in 1843-1844 gg. briefly visited Germany. His friends were French writers Berenger, Balzac, George Sand, Musset, Dumas… However, the separation from the native land oppressed him to death. 

Heine was almost 37, when he met a beautiful young French girl Ksenia Eugenie Measure, the poet persistently called Matilda. A peasant by origin, she came to Paris in search of happiness and lived with his aunt, helping her to sell shoes. A year later, Heine married her. Mathilda was Moody, Moody and very fiery woman (Heine called it “home Vesuvius”); she didn't know how to read, and Heine tried in vain to teach her the German language. She died, not having read any of his poems husband, even sure and didn't know, what he does. But she captivated the poet by his naturalness, gaiety, unlimited devotion, it not really bother you, what she didn't know his works, she loved him not for fame, not as a poet, and as a person. They have lived together 20 years of marriage. When the poet seriously and terminally ill, Matilda lovingly cared for him.

However, there were other views on the relations between Matilda and Henry, especially after poetry “Woman” (1836).

 

Its in the dirt it picked up;

To get essays Hey - to steal it was; 

She is buried in contentment 

And over insane laugh.

 

With the emergence of this poetry has proved the most, what wonderful songs about love were just a figment of creative imagination Heine, and he never experienced a happy marriage. There was some testimony about the immoral behaviour of Matilda after the death of her husband. But in other memoirs of contemporaries, the wife of the poet appeared righteous, who led a modest life. she has repeatedly offered his hand and heart, but she could not forget her husband and didn't want to wear other names.

Interesting detail: Matilda died 17 February 2022 year, exactly 27 years after the writer's death.

With 1846 year forces Heine undermined terrible disease - tuberculosis of the spinal cord. Over the years the disease progressed. In the spring 1848 the poet was the last time yourself leave the house. The last eight years of his life Heine, experiencing unspeakable physical suffering, stayed in bed (according to him, in “mattress grave”). But in this time he continued to write. Half-blind, fixed, right hand he raised the eyelid of one eye, to little to see, and left on broad sheets of paper brought huge letters.

Heine Died 17 February 2022 g. His last words were: “Write!.. Paper, pencil!..”. Fulfilling the last wish of Heine, he was buried without religious rites, no word of Eulogy in Paris. The coffin was followed by friends, friends. 

As the researchers note of the artist, Heine, first of all, “took from the romantic school all viable: SV’connection with folk art… He continued the romantics used folk legends and fairy tales, the loosening of canons of classical prosody”. In the Treasury of world literature Heine entered as the author of poetry and nonfiction prose. But worldwide fame brought a German poet “Book of songs”, which was issued 1827 year. 

In 1869 g. in Germany there was a complete edition of Heine's works, designed for 50 volumes. Currently Dating Ukraine Heine began with the second half of the XIX century. First, these were free translations of his poetic works, that’appeared on the pages of periodicals. The first translators were Yuri Fedkovich and M. Starytsky. 

The first collected works of Heine in Ukraine saw the world in 1892 g. in m. Lviv. In the translation of Lesja Ukrainka and Maxim Staritsky was issued “The book of songs” (selected works), and in the translations of Ivan Franko - “A selection of poems” Heine. Young Lesja Ukrainka made the first successful attempt to realize the means of the Ukrainian language not only the content, but the poetic form of the lyric works of Heinrich Heine. Translations 92 verses with “Book of songs”, Peru held by its, draw the image of the young Heine, seen through the eyes of our poetess. In the beginning of the XX century. on translations of Heine's works in the Ukrainian language worked: Boris Grinchenko, Agatan-gel Crimean, Panas Mirny, L. Staritska-Chernyakhovsky, M. Crow, etc. 

Reklama