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Protocol stack TCP/IP

Network working TCP/IP is built on the principle - model chain network. It provides, in our disposal a large number of independent heterogeneous networks, interconnected by gateways, which ensure interoperability between. Networks can be local, and global. Each subnet operates in accordance with your specific requirements, they may have different topology, hardware implementation and nature communications. But it is assumed, each network can receive the information and deliver it to the specified address in a particular network. If you experience data loss and distortion it is necessary to conduct retransmission.

 To ensure all these functions and we developed a Protocol stack TCP/IP. When you send a message, it is generated by the software application level, receives appropriate formatting, open session broadcast. The protocols of the transport layer (TCP and UDP) responsible for splitting the message into segments, its recovery from the received segments, the resending of lost or corrupted segments. Network layer (IL) performs the functions of routing and delivery to address individual packages.

But, in addition to these fundamental protocols, to the stack TCP/IP includes other, are not required to send data in small ad-hoc networks, but assigned to simplify the delivery of information and the network administrator when transferring data via complex heterogeneous network complexes. The protocols dynamic addressing, monitoring and network management, mail protocols, etc.

Structure of Protocol stack TCP /IP

At the data link layer using protocols known network architectures (Ethernet, FDDI, ATM, Token Ring, etc.). A special place SLIP protocols (Serial Line IP) and PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) they are used for the transmission of low-frequency serial data channels, often via the serial port of the computer and the modem assigned or dial-up telephone line.

IP (Internet Protocol) - anagrammi firewall is a network layer Protocol, provide services of forwarding packets between network nodes. It does not support serial transmission of the packets and does not guarantee the reliability of their transmission. IP is the main network layer Protocol stack TCP /IP. It is used by all other protocols.

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) - this is the main diagnostic Protocol for information transfer between nodes on a network error and crashes, and for network diagnostics. In addition, protocols of higher levels used for administration and diagnostics of the network.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) transforms the IP address in the MAC address of the station), and RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) inverse function - with the MAC address determines the logical IP address.

TCP (Tramsmission Control Protocol) is a transport layer Protocol with the previous establishment of a message. It ensures the reliable transmission of packets and ensures their correct sequence, in the transmission using the IP Protocol.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - anagrammi transport layer Protocol, used instead of TCP, if there is no need in additional measures to ensure reliable transmission. The Protocol does not guarantee packet, and the transmission sequence.

Among the application level the level of reflection it is possible to distinguish a Telnet Protocol, terminal emulation, FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - the file transfer Protocol, SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - the e-mail Protocol SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - the network control Protocol HTTP - (HyperText Transport Protocol) - the Protocol for transferring hypertext information in Internet.

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