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The concept of vaporization and condensation

We turn now to the study of the properties of substances in different aggregate States. Most easily accessible to study the properties of gases, which will be considered in the first place. As said above, many properties of gases do not depend on their nature. However, the lower the temperature and higher the pressure, the greater becomes the dependence of the properties of the gas from his kind. The gas in these conditions is called the vapor, emphasizing this, that it was formed from some fluid. At an even greater temperature decrease and pressure increase, the gas becomes a liquid.

 We shall see, between the gas and vapor can be a more clear distinction. Now note, when the gas is far from the transition to the liquid state, its properties are similar to properties of an ideal gas and is already known to us. Therefore further considered only the properties of vapors, which is especially apparent in the processes of transition of a substance from a liquid to a gas and back. With consideration of these processes we will begin the study of properties of vapours.

The transition of a substance from a liquid to a gas is called vaporization, and the transition of substance from gaseous state to liquid — condensation. Recall, the vaporization process is inextricably linked to the increase in internal energy of a substance, and the process of condensation — reduction. Therefore, vaporization and condensation can occur only in the process of exchange of energy between matter and the environment.

Vaporization occurs in the form of evaporation and boiling.

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