Oles Gonchar

Every literary text by Oles Honchar reminds me of the transparent wall dopistage forest, through which are visible the broad expanse of, bathed in afternoon sun, beautiful people, the light-filled generosity… To those people I would like to come, I want to enter into the miracle of their lives, learn them and love them.

D. Pavlychko.

In October 1990 g. on the area of October revolution (now Independence square) in protest against the criminal activities of the current government starved students from Kiev and other Ukrainian cities… Among them was the granddaughter of. Gonchar" Lesya, then a student of KSU… In those days, in the greeting to participants of international scientific conferences in Washington and Philadelphia he said: "Starving students on the Khreshchatyk. see pale, emaciated face, but this person nezlobnaya, soulful people. It's your tomorrow, Ukraine, this is the most true to your hope! Not always will you chornobilya, not always be skolovy, humiliated and robbed — would see the light in the sun you, in the beauty of your future?".

Solidarity with the young people made In. Potter and in the press. Then wrote a statement of withdrawal from cattle. When, in 1946 g, the pride received the Party ticket, now bring him back without a shadow of a doubt. And was not a member of the Communist, as a member of the Central Committee. The public perceived this act of the artist as a worthy challenge. And it gained even more confidence’I and the authority of the people.

Works On. Gonchar has always had a wide circle of admirers. They are known far outside Ukraine. they translated more than 60 the languages of the world, many times they jeremydavis.

The life and career of the writer

Began long career Oles terentiyovych Honchar in with. Laws, in the present suburb of Dnepropetrovsk, and former Ekaterinoslav. Gyro it shows the older sister of the artist. There he was born 3 April 2022 g. a working-class family. Before the war father worked a bit in the suburban farm, where he died during the bombing by enemy aircraft. Mom also worked hard, for leaving early from the life (my son was only three years). The nurse remained with her stepmother, and he was taken to his grandparents in the village Dry Poltava region.

Oles Gonchar remembers his grandmother: "without it, probably, I would not have become a writer". She was illiterate, was a believer. His children's eager imagination was captivated by "his passionate stories — poetic vision of godly women. It was fun, he loved to joke, take a walk in someone's wedding is on such occasions she was a welcome guest, its influence on my development was huge, and then, in the most difficult moments of life, I remembered her. At the front, sometimes it seemed almost superstitiously, what is it with their supplications takes you from a bullet".

So, the first lessons of goodness and beauty, honesty and emotional maximalism gave him an illiterate peasant, Most of all she dreamed of, to grandson learned and became a great man, because from an early age was drawn to the book.

The boy graduated seven years in the neighboring village. Language and literature taught him an old experienced teacher, which was instilled in the youth "ardent love for their native word, fine literature". Remembers Gonchar, it gave him and "this is a purely Ukrainian name "Oles"".

Literary same teachers were, in addition T. Shevchenko, whose "Kobzar" he read to my grandmother and aunts, Lesja Ukrainka, Panas Mirny, I. Franco, I. Nechuy-Levitsky, With. Vasilchenko, And. Golovko. G. Solitaire.

Oles stubbornly carve their own path to education. First there was the Kharkov College of journalism, student residence, literary circle, even attempt to get into the Studio at the House of writers they. In. Blue. A lot of work on yourself, tries himself in different genres. Rather actively began to be printed with 1937 g. in contemporary periodicals.

These samples of the pen noticed IO. Japanese, And. Malyshko, Peter punch is all in the future they become his best friends.

Little, but eloquent detail of those times: in November of the same 1937 g. destroyed the galaxy of Ukrainian artists, unique talents, among them, L. Kurbas, M. Kulish, In. Podmodelnuju, M. Zerova… their names will disappear from the pages of histories of literature, pripadet dust in the special funds are withdrawn and banned their books. At the empty place purposefully prepared new change, selfless is designed to serve the Soviet regime. Who could show anochrome, windswept, thirsty of knowledge and creativity the young man scarlet, burning the blood of his predecessors on the way, whom he purposed to go? And the other way just didn't exist. In those days he was only twenty years.

In 1938 g. he entered Kharkov University. His dream came true.

In those years, writes stories, the story "Lokosovo field", a scientific study on "Moses" And. Franco, gathering material for a novel about a G. The pan.

Ibid., at the University, became friends with the future author of the famous novel "VIR" G. The Tyutyunnik. He will also become the prototype of Bogdan Kolosovsky, the main character in the novel "Man and weapons". Together go to the front of the student battalion.

The first battle hardened Sergeant In a mortar. Gonchar received in the battle for Kiev, on the river ROS. There was first injured in July 1941 G., the second time - in the fall, between Poltava and Kharkov. And he passed with rifle in hand along the road of War to Prague. And I could, as a journalist, writer, to settle down somewhere in the headquarters… Had military awards — three medals "For courage", the order of Glory and the red Star, the medal "For defense of Kiev za". Pencil and notebook took only a few hours Oles Gonchar.fix. Then wrote poetry, which readily printed frontline press,

1940-and years they had thoughts and feelings of an ordinary soldier. Only
through 40 In years. Gonchar will print them in a separate book called "Frontline poems"(1985). The same roads of the war he had carried and cherished dream — if I stay alive, to write about his combat sworn brothers.

And so the war ended. Heart were "the bitterness of loss and hops of victory", new hope. Completes training closer to home, at Dnipropetrovsk University, there first and was an assistant at the Department. Soon entered postgraduate studies at the Institute of literature named after. T. Shevchenko of ANOSR. ‘ *

We wanted to take a pen: feeling, experienced in the war, overwhelmed soul, raging imagination. Page after page In. Gonchar wrote a novel "standard-Bearers". In 1946 g. in the magazine "Ukraine" prints brilliantly romantic narrative "Modra Stone". Then criticism denounces the author for "thematic foresight" and false (love Soviet soldier to foreign women). His "work" in the meetings, there is the threat of expulsion from the University’, turning away from his classmates, except for a few. Was among them and the girl, which will become his wife, give birth to a son and daughter.

In 1946-1948 gg. private parts’is the novel "Bearers" first in the magazine "Motherland" (with the blessing Yu. Janowski). The author comes true recognition and fame. It is accepted in the Union of writers. 1947 g. and 1948 g. awarded two State prizes of the USSR, what was then called a Stalinist. They were like shoulder straps for the future of General and passes in your career. Already 1947 g. were printed the story "the Earth hums" on the underground Poltava, 1949 g. — a collection of "short Stories". In the 1950s, will be released new collections, and the story "Mykyta Bratus", "That shining light", duologue about a civil war and revolution "Tavria" and "Perekop". All these works, of course, aged in the correct ideological-thematic line.

The most fruitful for About. Gonchar as a writer were the 1960-ies, marked warming in the public atmosphere after debunking the "cult of personality" of Stalin.

In 1960 g. appears a novel "Man and weapons", awarded the State prize of the USSR them. T. G. Shevchenko in 1962 G.; 1963 g. — a novel in short stories "tronc", for which in 1964 g. In. Potter was awarded the Lenin prize. Of course, these awards imposes certain obligations on the artist, but, happiness, not blinded him, and lulled.

First, these works became an organic part of the literature of the sixties. If not written by a recognized master, as a young author, not burdened with obligations, free in creative self-expression. In General it was an amazing time, when the "second flowering" of experienced P. Ticino, M. Rylsky, And. Malyshko.

Secondly, the pleasure of creativity, the relative emancipation of fantasy inspired him so much, what he "forgot" about, that was, actually, a slave system. Although there is nothing surprising in this. The system of totalitarianism, humiliation of human dignity, the destruction of conscience, honor, the education of the toadies and the Pharisees also created and rebellious. To them belonged, and In. Gonchar.

In 1968 g. appeared his famous "long-suffering" "the Cathedral", who nearly fell off the pedestal already recognized classics of socialist realism. Him "thoroughly" he criticised, and the product of twenty years banned, calling
this greater reader interest. For him it was a painful emotional wound, which is a long time to heal, and at the same time its biggest pride.

Immediately after criticism, to save his high position, In. Gonchar was forced to do something about it, to return to the mainstream. Then came the "Cyclone" (1970), "Brigantine" (1973), "Shore love" (1976). They address important social problems, but such, ke already sentenced. Attempt to create a Swan song Potter-novelist was "Your star" (1980, the first name "Journey to the Madonna", which forbade), moreover, such a good, for that 1982 g. he was awarded the State prize of the USSR. Later, the artist returns to the genre, get, — short stories, stories, but this is not the early Gangaramani. It's already a writer with years of experience, which intolerable ache of long-standing social problems, he cannot be silent.

Oles Gonchar, and acted as a literary critic, art historian, critic. His are books of articles "Our writing" (1972), "Writer's reflection" (1980), "What we live" (1991).

As you can see, in a difficult and contradictory "stagnant" years, he was destined to carry the General's cross. The authorities have consistently tried to tame it, to make your. Awards and positions he lacked: academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Hero Of Socialist Labor, member of the Central Committee of the Communist party, Deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of the USSR several convocations, Chairman of the Ukrainian Republican peace Committee and a member of the World peace Council, the winner of many state awards.

However, he was a recognized authority in the field of Ukrainian culture. In 1959-1971 ., when he headed the Union of writers, as I could, tried to save native language, literature, art in General from complete destruction. In the 1960s, under his auspices the names of many writers rehabilitated, were printed previously forbidden works. He always defended persecuted by the authorities fellow writers, the first has taken its toll, then the word In. Simonenko, calling him a "knight of the young Ukrainian poetry", contributed to the publication of "Viru", G. Tyutyunnik udostoeny his State prize. T. G. Shevchenko, fought for L. Kostenko and Gr. Tyutyunnik, In. Countryman and. Cendea. Thanks to him, after a long silence was, let convicted, but reissued-"the Four swords"

PI. Janowski. In 1966 g. In. Gonchar makes a thorough and gastroboletus report at the fifth Congress of writers of Ukraine. In it, he made a fervent patriot, uncompromising defender of the interests of the state Ukraine, its people, his treasures, material and spiritual. He touched the most painful issues of contemporary Ukrainian art, in particular literature, the condition of education, the preservation of the Ukrainian language in Ukraine (!), environmental issues, called for a careful attitude to the nature, the preservation of historical memory, talked about his return To. Vinnichenko, P. Kulish, B.-And. Antonych. At that time, this performance was a manifestation of true civil courage and bravery.

Since then, his name is closely connected with our national revival. Very often you can hear his passionate, the excited voice in recent years. He opened the founding conference of the Ukrainian language Society named T. G. Shevchenko, The founding Congress of the people's movement of Ukraine, spoke at rallies, democratic congresses, in such a way as if blessing all of us to defend what is now independent Ukraine, to raise it from the ruins. So painful was perceived by the Ukrainian people, in his death 16 July 2022 g.