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BIOS

BIOS (from the English. Basic Input / Output System the basic input/output) - this is a set of programs of small size, are initial testing of equipment and ensuring of interaction of components of the computer’'yutera. These programs are recorded in a special chip, located on the motherboard. They are all net’capacious part of the hardware and therefore always includes “the kit” motherboard.

There are several types of BIOS :

1.    System BIOS, located on the motherboard

2.    Video BIOS, what keeps the video cards, from initial testing at the point of activation and ending of the interaction of videocards with the processor and other PC components

3.    The BIOS of the SCSI controller, what plays the role of translator between the SCSI interface and the system bus.

 

Of these, the most important is the system BIOS, which:

    testing PC’s computer when the power;

    search and connect other BIOS, located on expansion boards;

    the allocation of resources between components of a computer’'yutera.

Using the base system I/o, operating system and additional software working with the hardware of the computer’'yutera. In other words, BIOS - this is a set of programs, which translate user-friendly Windows commands into language, clear computer’the computer. The "heart" of the BIOS is available to the CPU without going to discs (hard), that allows the computer to operate even if damaged disk system. The operating system is DOS with direct access to the BIOS software. More sophisticated operating systems (in particular, family Windows ) have their own functions and hardware control computer’s computer and rarely use the BIOS .

Obviously, what from in, as it configure BIOS the or another device, depends performance and stability all system in General. Setup, access to which can be obtained, clicking “DEL” (or “F2”) when loading, time and allows you to change those values, are loaded into registers of the various devices, first of all the motherboard chipset. By the way, they are stored in memory, what is powered by batteries, and this memory is called CMOS (Complimentary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, consuming little power in static logic).

Such standard devices, as a keyboard, can be serviced by software BIOS, but such means cannot be provided with all possible devices (in SV’due to their wide diversity and the large number of different parameters). But for the work of the BIOS require all the information about the current configuration of the system. For obvious reasons this information cannot be stored either in RAM pam’for, no permanent.

For this purpose on the motherboard there is a chip non-volatile pam’for, manufacturing technology called CMOS. Prompt from pam’s memory it differs, that its contents does not disappear when you disable the comp’'yutera, and constant pam’s memory it differs, what data can be entered there and change yourself, in accordance with the, what equipment is included with the system. Chip, pam’s the CMOS is constantly powered by small batteries, what is on the motherboard. In this pam’memory stores data about floppy and hard disks, processors etc. The fact, that the company’s computer accurately track the date and time, also the stand’is, this information is permanently stored (and updated) to pam’CMOS memory. Thus, the BIOS reads the data on the composition comp’s computer system from the chip CMOS, then they can access the hard drive and other devices. 

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